See spes on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la",
"3": "spissus"
},
"expansion": "Latin spissus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "spesso"
},
"expansion": "Italian spesso",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spissus. Compare Italian spesso.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speasã",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spesh",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speasi",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spease",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spesu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"10": "spease",
"2": "adjective",
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"4": "speasã",
"5": "masculine plural",
"6": "spesh",
"7": "feminine plural",
"8": "speasi",
"9": "or",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "spes m (feminine singular speasã, masculine plural spesh, feminine plural speasi or spease)",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "rup",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Aromanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Aromanian words of Latin origin not found in Romanian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "57 34 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 34 10 1 1",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 19 26 4 5",
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}
],
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"thick"
],
"id": "en-spes-rup-adj-exKR5-2K",
"links": [
[
"thick",
"thick"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "des"
},
{
"word": "picnos"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "spes"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "indecl"
},
"expansion": "spes (indeclinable)",
"name": "is-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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}
],
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
30
]
],
"english": "Your friend was really special.",
"text": "Vinkona þín var svakalega spes.",
"translation": "Your friend was really special.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"special, often in an odd way"
],
"id": "en-spes-is-adj-IDrvgI92",
"links": [
[
"special",
"special"
],
[
"odd",
"odd"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛːs]"
}
],
"word": "spes"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "exspēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spēcula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "spene"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"latinized"
],
"word": "speme"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*spēs<id:hope>",
"id": "hope"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*spēs\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spes\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"hope\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"spes\" id=\"Latin:_hope\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*spēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *spēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*spéh₁s",
"t": "prosperity"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *spēs, from Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”), from *speh₁- (“to succeed, prosper”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spēs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "speī",
"links": [
[
"speī",
"spei"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spēs",
"links": [
[
"spēs",
"spes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēs",
"links": [
[
"spēs",
"spes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speī",
"links": [
[
"speī",
"spei#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spērum",
"links": [
[
"spērum",
"sperum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speī",
"links": [
[
"speī",
"spei#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēbus",
"links": [
[
"spēbus",
"spebus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēs",
"links": [
[
"spēs",
"spes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spē",
"links": [
[
"spē",
"spe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēbus",
"links": [
[
"spēbus",
"spebus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēs",
"links": [
[
"spēs",
"spes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spēs",
"links": [
[
"spēs",
"spes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spēs<5>"
},
"expansion": "spēs f (genitive speī); fifth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spēs<5>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spērō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "69 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 41 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the fifth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "la:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "la:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
35,
39
]
],
"english": "As long as there is life, there is hope.",
"text": "Dum anima est, spēs est.",
"translation": "As long as there is life, there is hope.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I don’t buy hope at any price!\n(In other words, purchase nothing more than an expectation.)",
"ref": "160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 219",
"text": "Ego spem pretiō nōn emō!",
"translation": "I don’t buy hope at any price!\n(In other words, purchase nothing more than an expectation.)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hope (belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen)"
],
"id": "en-spes-la-noun-mZq1eBtM",
"links": [
[
"hope",
"hope"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-5"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 41 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the fifth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "From the beginning there was an expectation for Faustulus that he was bringing up the children of the royal blood",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.5",
"text": "ab initio Faustulo spes fuerat regiam stirpem apud se educari",
"translation": "From the beginning there was an expectation for Faustulus that he was bringing up the children of the royal blood",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expectation, anticipation"
],
"id": "en-spes-la-noun-ncuWbBSx",
"links": [
[
"expectation",
"expectation"
],
[
"anticipation",
"anticipation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) expectation, anticipation"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 41 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the fifth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 17 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "la:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"apprehension"
],
"id": "en-spes-la-noun-BqLorPl6",
"links": [
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) apprehension"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspeːs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "spes"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Christianity",
"la:Emotions",
"la:Religion"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la",
"3": "spissus"
},
"expansion": "Latin spissus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "spesso"
},
"expansion": "Italian spesso",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spissus. Compare Italian spesso.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speasã",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spesh",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speasi",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spease",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spesu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"10": "spease",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "feminine singular",
"4": "speasã",
"5": "masculine plural",
"6": "spesh",
"7": "feminine plural",
"8": "speasi",
"9": "or",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "spes m (feminine singular speasã, masculine plural spesh, feminine plural speasi or spease)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Aromanian adjectives",
"Aromanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Aromanian lemmas",
"Aromanian terms derived from Latin",
"Aromanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Aromanian words of Latin origin not found in Romanian",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"thick"
],
"links": [
[
"thick",
"thick"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "des"
},
{
"word": "picnos"
}
],
"word": "spes"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Christianity",
"la:Emotions",
"la:Religion"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "indecl"
},
"expansion": "spes (indeclinable)",
"name": "is-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic 1-syllable words",
"Icelandic adjectives",
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic indeclinable adjectives",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Icelandic terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
30
]
],
"english": "Your friend was really special.",
"text": "Vinkona þín var svakalega spes.",
"translation": "Your friend was really special.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"special, often in an odd way"
],
"links": [
[
"special",
"special"
],
[
"odd",
"odd"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛːs]"
}
],
"word": "spes"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the fifth declension",
"Latin fifth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speh₁-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Christianity",
"la:Emotions",
"la:Religion"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "exspēs"
},
{
"word": "spēcula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "spene"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"latinized"
],
"word": "speme"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "in spe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*spēs<id:hope>",
"id": "hope"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*spēs\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spes\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"hope\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"spes\" id=\"Latin:_hope\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*spēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *spēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*spéh₁s",
"t": "prosperity"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *spēs, from Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”), from *speh₁- (“to succeed, prosper”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spēs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "speī",
"links": [
[
"speī",
"spei"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spēs",
"links": [
[
"spēs",
"spes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēs",
"links": [
[
"spēs",
"spes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speī",
"links": [
[
"speī",
"spei#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spērum",
"links": [
[
"spērum",
"sperum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speī",
"links": [
[
"speī",
"spei#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēbus",
"links": [
[
"spēbus",
"spebus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēs",
"links": [
[
"spēs",
"spes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spē",
"links": [
[
"spē",
"spe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēbus",
"links": [
[
"spēbus",
"spebus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēs",
"links": [
[
"spēs",
"spes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spēs",
"links": [
[
"spēs",
"spes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spēs<5>"
},
"expansion": "spēs f (genitive speī); fifth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spēs<5>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "spērō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
35,
39
]
],
"english": "As long as there is life, there is hope.",
"text": "Dum anima est, spēs est.",
"translation": "As long as there is life, there is hope.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I don’t buy hope at any price!\n(In other words, purchase nothing more than an expectation.)",
"ref": "160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 219",
"text": "Ego spem pretiō nōn emō!",
"translation": "I don’t buy hope at any price!\n(In other words, purchase nothing more than an expectation.)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hope (belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen)"
],
"links": [
[
"hope",
"hope"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-5"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "From the beginning there was an expectation for Faustulus that he was bringing up the children of the royal blood",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.5",
"text": "ab initio Faustulo spes fuerat regiam stirpem apud se educari",
"translation": "From the beginning there was an expectation for Faustulus that he was bringing up the children of the royal blood",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expectation, anticipation"
],
"links": [
[
"expectation",
"expectation"
],
[
"anticipation",
"anticipation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) expectation, anticipation"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"apprehension"
],
"links": [
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) apprehension"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspeːs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "spes"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spes meaning in All languages combined (8.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.